银行国际化路径影响因素分析——基于汇丰银行和花旗银行案例

Influencing Factors of Banks' Internationalization Path Choice:A Longitudinal Case Study of Citi Bank and Hong Kong Shanghai Bank Corporation(HSBC)

随着经济一体化和金融全球化的不断深入,银行国际化已逐渐成为一种不可逆转的趋势。了解影响银行国际化的因素对分析银行国际化战略至关重要。此外,国内外对于银行国际化的研究大多只单一地关注于银行海外拓张的动因、区位选择、进入方式及对外直接投资绩效等方面。这些研究是相对静态的,具有国别性和时段性,忽略了银行国际化是一个持续动态的过程。基于此,文章以企业对外直接投资理论为基础,将汇丰银行和花旗银行作为研究对象,进行了相关的纵向案例研究,讨论了导致这两家银行选择不同国际化路径的因素并构建出影响银行国际化战略选择因素的模型,在战略层面动态地讨论银行国际化趋势。基于研究,文章认为银行对国际化路径的选择主要受母国和银行自身因素的影响。

As economic integration and financial globalization deepen, the in- ternationalization of banks has become inevitable. A good knowledge of the influencing factors of banks＇ internationalization is crucial to help understand bank strategies. Moreover, existing researches focusing on banks＇ internationalization motivation, location choice, entry mode or FDI performance have been relatively static and have ignored that bank internationalization is a dynamic process. To fill in this research blank, this study investigates the influencing factors of banks ＇ internationalization paths. Based on the foreign direct investment theory, and choosing Citi Bank and HSBC as research subjects, this paper summarizes the banks＇ internationalization paths, discusses the determinants of banks＇ path selection and proposes a corresponding model for the influence. It is thus argued that banks＇ internationalization paths are mainly influenced by the home country factors and internal factors of the banks.