“漂移”的证据制度:类型界定与反思

Evidence System Drifting: Definition and Rethinking of the Types

证据制度类型的研究日渐成为学界的关注点,众多学说的背后既隐藏了对权力滥用的担忧,也显现出证据制度类型界定的"漂移"现象:概念批量生产造成理论混乱、理论界定与司法实践严重脱节。诸多学说并未真正突破法定证据与自由心证的二元类型框架,中国实质上应被纳入自由心证的制度范畴。但"谁的心证"和"如何自由"则需结合中国司法场域的运行实践,进一步认真追问。

There are many definitions about the types of evidence system of China, but it shows both people＇ s concerns about the abuse of power and the ＂drift＂ phenomenon behind these definitions. After careful analy- ses, however, we can find that these concepts haven＇ t broken through the analytical framework of free evalua- tion on evidence. In fact, the types of Chinese evidence system should be classified as flee evaluation on evi- dence. But the questions of ＂whose evaluation＂ and ＂how to evaluate freely＂ should be further answered.