中国大学生德语音节尾辅音发音的实验研究

An Acoustic Study on Chinese Students' Pronunciation of German Syllable Consonant Codas

汉语的音节结构相对德语和英语来说比较简单,汉语的音节尾辅音只有鼻音n和ng,而德语的音节尾辅音可以多达4个。本文的实验选取了12个代表三种不同德语水平的中国学生作为发音实验对象,还选定了两位德语本族语的发音人作为参考。每位发音人朗读102个带有不同音节尾辅音的德语单词和20句含有较多音节尾辅音的德语句子。实验结果表明,中国学生主要采用元音插入(epenthesis)、辅音脱落(deletion)和辅音替换(substitution)的方式处理德语音节尾辅音的发音。有些发音的偏误可以从汉语中寻到原因,有些偏误现象则可以从第一外语英语中找到解释。统计数据表明,随着德语水平从初级、中级到高级递增,学生对音节尾辅音的发音偏误也逐渐减少,这意味着音节尾辅音发音的偏误是可以不断改进甚至完全克服的。

Compared with German and English, the syllable structure of Chinese is relatively simple, with only nasal ＂n＂ and ＂ng＂ as the tail consonants, while Germany has as many as 4. The study of this paper selected 12 Chinese students representing 3 different levels of German proficiency as pronunciation samples, as well as two native German speakers as reference. Each pronouncer read 102 German words with different syllable consonant tails and 20 German sentences with several syllable consonant codas. The result shows that the Chinese students mainly use vowel epenthesis, consonant deletion and substitution to dealing with the pronunciation of German syllable consonant codas. The reason of these deviations can be explained by either their mother tongue Chinese or their first foreign language English. Statistic also shows that these deviations decrease progressively along with the rising of proficiency levels, indicating that this kind of deviation in pronunciation can be improved and even be totally overcome.