公共物品的定义与演变

Definition and Evolution of Public Goods

西方公共经济学中并没有不同于公共产品的公共物品概念。所谓公共物品,是指人们生来就有权享有的东西,其范围超过了西方公共经济学关于天然产品的规定,是马克思主义公共经济学的一项重要研究内容。随着时代的发展,维持生存权的公共物品日益依赖经济资源的投入,但是,今天的人们与古代的人们一样,仍然有权要求廉价甚至无偿获得公共物品。公共物品,如土地,从公地演变为私地,再向公共土地演变的过程,其实也是公共物品所有权的演变过程。随着无产阶级取得公共权力,公共物品将完成它的返璞归真但又是最高层面的终极演变,也就是说,使人类的社会生产力和全部文化在超越原始共产主义社会的基础上重新成为公共物品,进而使西方公共经济学中的公共产品成为不必要的、多余的东西。

Public goods are not different from public products in the western public economics. Public goods refer to those that all peo-ple are entitled to have,and their scopes are larger than those for the natural products as stated in the western public economics. They are important study component of Marxist public economics. With the development of the times,public goods that maintain the right to live increasingly depend on the input of economic resources. However,people today remain the same as those living in ancient times,and they have the right to call for inexpensive or even free provisions of public goods. The evolution of public goods,such as the evolution of land from public land into private land and once again becoming public land,is in fact an evolution process of ownership of public goods. With the proletariat taking control of public power,public goods will realize simple yet highest level of ultimate evolution. In other words,it makes social productive forces and the cultures of human being once again become public goods on the basis of exceeding the primitive communist society. As a result,it will make public products become unnecessary and redundant in the western public economics.