中国海归人才的现状及其技术效应分析

An Analysis of China Returnees' Current Situation and the Effect of Technological Progress

本文通过对全国各省市1212份海外人才回流的有效问卷分析以及相关访谈,摸清了海归在所属行业、受教育年限和就业单位等方面存在的差异。由此进一步分析了海归对中国技术进步的影响效应,结果表明:(1)就目前情况而言,海归引进回国的技术不是国际最新的,但因该技术在中国处于短缺状态,海归进行知识溢出效果尚好。(2)海归在海外获取的最新技术思路以及与国际始终保持接触这两种核心能力对其所在公司的贡献最大。(3)海归回流技术进步效应存在滞后性;进一步得出海归回流技术进步效应受本土人力资本水平影响,且当前绝大多数省份与国内外的技术差距和海归技术进步效应之间的对应关系仍然位于倒U型曲线的正相关段。

By analysing of the effective 1212 questionnaire of returnees in various provinces and cities nationwide and relevant interviews, this paper obtains the general characteristics of returnees and real understands the situation of returnees to China＇ s technology progress, The results show that： （ 1 ） At present, employment sector of returnees mainly in electronic information, optical electromechanieal, new materials, energy and other; （ 2 ） In the present circumstances, the introduction technology of returnees is not the latest international, but because the technology is in a state of shortage in China, knowledge spillover effect of returnees is good; （ 3 ） The two core capabilities as the latest technology idea getting from oversees and always maintain contact with the international capabilities, the contribution of the two core capabilities to the company is biggest. （ 4 ） The proportion of knowledge spillover generated by the mode of returnees entrepreneurs is minimal, this shows that returnees venture in China with a certain degree of difficulty, the risk is relatively large, the probability of success is small. Finally, this paper proposes appropr/ate policy recommendations according to the conclusion.