当前被征地农民就业困境多维成因探析

Reasons for Employment Difficulties of Land-levied Farmers

随着城市化进程的加快,部分集体土地被征用,被征地农民的就业问题日益突出。基于刘易斯拐点的背景下,由于被征地农民安置方式不当、城市生活成本过高、被征地农民在城市中缺乏归属感等原因,出现用工荒现象。被征地农民"用工荒"与"就业难"并存,其经济成因包括自然失业、劳动力供给曲线的存在、产业结构升级、人力资本投资不足、城乡二元经济结构;其制度成因包括征地补偿政策不科学,短期性就业政策缺乏长期效应,就业政策缺乏约束力、宣传不到位,培训政策匮乏且没落到实处,职业培训和就业指导制度不完善。

With the quickening of the urbanization process, parts of collectively-owned land were levied, bringing about increasingly seri-ous job difficulties of land-levied farmers. From the view of Lewis turning point, labor shortage appears as the land losing farmers are not well arranged, living costs in cities are higher and the landless farmers could not find the sense of belongings in cities. Labor shortage and employment difficulties coexist. The economic causes include natural unemployment, labor supply curve, industrial structure upgrade, in-sufficient investment in building talent pool, and the binary urban-rural economic structure. The institutional causes include unreasonable land acquisition compensation policies, short term employment policies, weak binding force and publicity of employment policies, deficient training policy and poor implement of the policy, and unsound job training and counsel system.