公路工程下伏煤矿采空区物探方法研究

Study of Detection for Coal Mine Goaf under Highway with Geophysical Exploration Methods

研究目的:煤矿采空区是制约公路工程建设的瓶颈因素之一,采空区的探测是亟待研究和解决的工程科技难题。采空区具有隐伏性强、空间分布特征规律性差等特点,给公路工程带来较大安全隐患。物探方法是探测采空区的有效手段。本文结合工程实践,对煤矿采空区物探方法进行探讨,旨在为类似工程提供借鉴和参考。研究结论:(1)利用瞬变电磁法、地震反射波法、活性炭测氡法探测煤矿采空区是可行和有效的;(2)由于采空区自身的特殊性和地球物理方法的局限性、多解性,单一物探方法往往对地质异常体很难定性,采取多种方法相结合的综合物探技术显得尤为必要;(3)采空区勘察应采用资料搜集、地质调绘、物探、钻探等综合勘察手段,以达到相互补充、相互验证的目的;(4)实际应用效果表明,综合物探技术已成为解决煤矿采空探测的首选技术,能够较准确地圈定煤矿采空区范围,从而为公路采空区勘察及工程选线、采空区处治提供依据。

Research purposes： The coal mine goaf hazards have become one of the bottleneck problems that constrain the construction of highway engineering. The detection of coal mine goal under highway has become an important scientific and engineering problem to be studied and solved urgently. The goal is of some characteristics, such as hard to detect, poor spatial distribution regularity, which brings greater security risks for highway engineering. Using geophysical exploration methods for detecting mined - out area has become an effective means. Combing with engineering practice, this paper discusses several geophysical exploration methods of coal mine goaf, to provide a reference for similar projects. Research conclusions ： （ 1 ） The detection of coal mine goal using the transient electromagnetic method （ TEM ）, the seismic reflection method and the radon measurement method by active charcoal is feasible and effevtive. （ 2 ） On the basis of geophysical characteristics of goaf and by means of the transient electromagnetic method, it is necessary to detect with a variety of integrated geophysical technology. （3） The detection of coal mine goaf should use the integrated geophysical method of collecting data, geology survey geophysical prospecting and misering to achieve mutual eomplementation and verification. （4）Practical application demonstrates that the integrated geophysical technology has become the preferred technology for solving the detection of the coal mine goaf area. The scope of coal mine goal can be delimited accurately using integrated geophysical technology, which could provide the basis for the alignment selection,coal mine goal investigation and treatment.