相变材料作为驱动力在航天器上的研究与应用

THE RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF THE PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS AS THE DRIVING FORCE ON THE SPACECRAFT

大多数相变材料由固相转变为液相时,吸收相变潜热,相变材料体积膨胀;从液相转变为固相时放出相变潜热,体积缩小。利用相变材料的这种体积随相变而变化的特性,将一定量的相变材料封装在密闭容器中,通过环境温度引起相变材料相变,相变过程中因体积变化产生的力,为某些需要微小位移量的运动机构提供驱动动力。最后,实例说明相变材料这种特性在航天器微驱动上的应用。

Most of the phase change material when they convert from the solid phase to the liquid phase, absorb the la- tent heat of the phase change material, and the volume of the phase change material expands; when they convert from the liquid phase to the solid phase, release latent heat of the phase change material, and the volume of the phase change materi- al reduce. By use of the characteristic of the volume of the phase change material variation with the phase transition, a cer- tain amount of the phase change material closed in a sealed container, the phase transition of the phase change materials with the variation of the ambient temperature, the stress which is produced due to the volume changes during the phase transformation, provides drive force for moving mechanism requires some tiny displacement. Finally, the property of the phase change materials is applied for micro drive in spacecraft with example.