深圳蛇口口岸船舶饮用水卫生状况及影响因素分析

Analysis of drinking water health situation of ships at Shenzhen Shekou port

目的掌握深圳蛇口港区远洋船舶的饮用水卫生状况及研究影响饮用水卫生安全的因素,以便保障船员饮水安全,预防疾病的传播。方法以2012年5月至2013年9月深圳蛇口港区远洋的船舶为研究对象,对248艘次的船舶饮用水样本进行分析。检测方法参照GB/T 5750-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准检测方法》。统计分析采用软件SAS8.0进行。结果菌落总数的合格率为85.5%,大肠菌群的合格率为83.9%,耐热大肠杆菌的合格率为93.1%;随着船舶使用年限的增加,饮用水微生物指标合格率呈下降趋势,不同年限船舶合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同换水频率船舶饮用水微生物指标合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同地域船舶饮用水微生物指标合格率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论深圳蛇口港区船舶饮用水卫生状况尚存在安全隐患,建议定期对船舶饮用水进行更换,特别是船龄长的船舶更应加强监督管理,希望引起有关部门重视。

Objective To master the drinking water situation at Shekou Port of ocean-going vessels and research factors that affect health and safety of drinking water in order to protect the crew safe drinking water to prevent the spread of diseases. Methods From May 2012 to September 2013, Shenzhen Shekou Port offshore vessels for the study, a total of 248 ships and ship samples of drinking water were analyzed. The GB/T 5750 Drinking Water Standard Sanitary was adopted. SAS 8.0 software was used. Results The pass rate on the total number of colonies, coliform bacteria, E.coli heat were 85.5%, 83.9%, 93.1%, respectively. With the increase of the useful life of the ship, drinking water microbiological indicators pass rate decreased. The pass rate was statistically significant difference in age of the slip （P〈0.05）. The pass rate of microbial was statistically significant in dicators the frequency of in drinking water changes （P〈 0.05）. The pass rate of microbial indicators was not statistically significance in drinking of different geographical ship （P〉 0.05）. Conclusion There were security risks in the sanitation situation of drinking water at Shenzhen Shekou port. It is necessary to replace drinking vessels regularly, and to strengthen supervision and management for ship＇s age-long ships.