论“古诗”类五言诗及乐府诗在传播中的变异

The Discussion on the Changes in the Spread of Five-Word Poem belonged to the “Ancient Poems”and Yuefu Poetries

以宇文所安的《中国早期古典诗歌的生成》和木斋的《古诗十九首与建安诗歌研究》对文本传播中的多种可能性的考辨为立论基础,"古诗"类早期文人五言诗主要应为宫廷乐府的清商乐歌辞,它们包括《古诗十九首》、苏李诗等,总数超过59首。由于多为宴会即席创作,它们有创作中显共性和传播中具变动性两大特点。因此在分析文本时应有充分考虑,同时亦应注意分辨歌辞、本辞。对《乐府诗集》所载奏乐时代情况的考证,说明了一向所说的汉民间乐府诗作如《陌上桑》等确非两汉乐府诗。

This study bases on the conclusions of The Making of Early Chinese Classical Poetry of Stephen Owen and Research on the Nineteen Ancient Poems and Jianan Poetry of Mu Zhai, which are about some possible changes in the spread. The early five -word poems of ＂ancient poems＂ which contains more than 59 poems including Nineteen Ancient Poems and Su Wu and Li Ling＇ s poems are the lyrics of Qingshang music of the palace. Because the poems are the improvisation in the banquets, they have similar characters and could have changes during the spread. Thus the scholars should distinguish the original edition and the performing edition when they try to analyze the poems. Additionally, after the comparison of the times performed in Yuefu Poetries, it can be proven that the poems considered as the folk songs of the Han Dynasty, such as Mo Shang Sang, were not created during the Han.