木薯品种桂热4号的选育及栽培要点

Breeding of a new cassava variety GR4 and its cultivation technologies

[目地]选育优良木薯新品种,为木薯生产提供新的品种资源.[方法]对从国际热带农业中心（CIAT）引进的木薯品种PAR164自然杂交后代优良单株SM 1600进行系统选育,1991～1996年在广西热带作物研究所开展品比试验,1997～1999年在11个试点进行区域品比试验,2009～2010年在广西7个试点进行生产试验,考察SM1600（桂热4号）的植株特征、发芽率、结薯性状、产量、淀粉含量、抗逆性等.[结果]桂热4号株型直立不分枝、株型紧凑,株高1.8～3.0m,具有强生长势;结薯集中、分布浅、水平伸长,薯块大小均匀,薯型长圆锥形,薯皮薄且光滑;抗旱性强.发芽率较高,为95.8％.淀粉稳定在25.4％～29.1％,平均为26.8％,比对照华南205低1.3％（绝对值）.在历年品比试验中,1992～1993年系比产量分别为33600.0、28440.0 kg/ha,比对照华南205增产13.1％和7.2％;在1994～1996年高级品比试验中,平均产量34785.0kg/ha,比对照华南205平均增产18.8％;在1997～1999年区域品比试验中11个试点平均产量36885.0 kg/ha,比对照华南205平均增产21.1％.在2009～2010年生产试验中7个试点平均产量59040.0 kg/ha,桂热4号比对照华南205平均增产50.1％.2011年桂热4号通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定,并被农业部列为十二五主推品种.[结论]桂热4号综合性状表现优良,适宜密植和间套种,可在我国华南大部分地区中等肥力土壤上推广种植.

[Objective]A new superior cassava variety was bred in order to provide new resources for cassava production in China.[Method]The cassava variety GR4 was selected through system selection method from the F1 clone self-crossed （SM1600） of variety PAR164 introduced from the International Center for Tropical Agriculture （CIAT）.The variety comparative test was carried out from 1991 to 1996,the regional trial of 11 experimental plots was conducted during 1997-1999,and the production test was carried out at 7 experiment plots in Guangxi from 2009 to 2010.The characteristics,germination rate,tuberization traits,yield,starch content and stress resistance of GR4 were investigated and determined.[Result]GR4 was characterized by erect tight plant without branches,1.8-3.0 m of plant height,strong growth vigor and drought resistance,long cone tuber with uniformity size and smooth thin peel.The tuberization centralized at shallow soil layer and presented horizontal elongation.The germination rate was at a higher level with 95.8％.The starch content of GR4 was ranged from 25.4％ to 29.1％ with average of 26.8％,which was 1.3％ lower than that of SC205.The yield of GR4 in variety comparative test from 1992 to 1993 was 33600.0 and 28440.0 kg/ha,which was 13.1％ and 7.2％ higher than that of SC205.Its average yield in advanced variety comparative test during 1994-1996 was 34785.0 kg/ha,which increased by 18.8％ as compared with the control SC205.During the regional trial of 11 experimental plots in 1997-1999,the average yield of GR4 was 36885.0 kg/ha,which was 21.1％ higher than that of SC205.During the production test of 7 plots in 2009-2010,GR4 presented 59040.0 kg/ha of average yield,which increased by 50.1％ as compared with the control SC205.The GR4 was registered and certified by Guangxi Committee for Crop Variety Registration in 2011 and was acted as mainly extending cassava variety in the 12th Five-Year Plan by the Ministry of Agriculture.[Conclusion]The new cassava variety GR4 present advanced comprehensive characteristics,and is suited to be planted with high density or be intercropped.It could be extended in cassava planting areas with moderate soil fertility of Sourthern China.