广西柿种质资源调查及开发利用对策

Investigation on germplasm resources and exploitation situation of Diospyros L. in Guangxi

【目的】调查广西柿种质资源状况,为柿资源的开发利用、引种驯化、种质保存及品种选育提供参考依据。【方法】利用实地考察、访谈和查阅相关文献资料等方法调查广西桂林市、来宾市、贺州市、柳州市、河池市、钦州市、百色市和南宁市等不同生态气候区柿种质资源的分布、生态环境和开发利用状况,建立柿种质资源圃保存种质并进行分类和鉴定。【结果】广西柿种质资源分布范围广,品种类型多,共收集到柿属植物中柿、君迁子、油柿、乌柿、毛柿和野柿5个种1个变种的103份种质资源。调查发现近年广西柿生产取得较快发展,在柿种植面积和投产面积变化不大的情况下,平均单位面积产量、总产量和产值均逐年增加,柿果实商品化处理能力大幅度提升。但在柿产业发展过程中,仍存在种质资源开发和利用不充分、品种单一和结构不合理、标准化生产和产业化程度低及加工产业链不深化等问题。【建议】加强对广西柿种质资源的保护与开发利用;开展柿良种引进和品种选育研究,逐步改良和提高地方柿品种的品质;积极进行技术创新,加强果园基础设施建设;加快行业整合,扶持有发展潜力的种植和加工企业发展柿产业。

[Objective]The present study was conducted to reveal the information of Diospyros L.germplasm resources in Guangxi and provide references for their exploitation,utilization,introduction,domestication,preservation and breeding.[Method]The distribution,exploitation and utilization situation of Diospyros L.germplasm resources in different eco-climatic zones of Guilin,Laibin,Hezhou,Liuzhou,Hechi,Qinzhou,Baise and Naning city of Guangxi were investigated.A repository of diospyros germplasm resources was established and the collected germplasms were preserved,classified and identified.[Result] Diospyros L.germplasm resources were widely distributed in Guangxi with many varieties and types.103 accessions of germplasms belonging to Diospyros kaki Thunb,Diospyros lotus Linn,Diospyros oleifera Cheng,Diospyros glaucifolia Mete,Diospyros philippensis（Desr.） Gurke and Diospyros kaki var.silvestris were collected.The investigation indicated that Diospyros L.industry in Guangxi developed rapidly in recent years.Planting area and harvesting area of diospyros remained the same,but the average yield per unit,total yield and output value were increasing yearly.Fruit commercialized processing ability was also improved.However,there were some problems in the development of Diospyros L.industry in Guangxi,such as insufficient exploitation and utilization,unreasonably growing structure,low degree of cultivation standardization and processing chain,etc.[Suggestion]To promote the development of Diospyros L.industry in Guangxi,a slew of measures must be taken including strengthening the exploitation,utilization and preservation of local diospyros verities,introducing excellent varieties,conducting studies on selection and breeding,improving the quality of local Diospyros L.cultivars,strengthening technical innovations and orchard infrastructure construction,speeding up industrial restructuring and supporting the potential Diospyros L.cultivation and processing enterprises.