青岛市售贝类中总汞含量分布及人群健康风险

Mercury contents in shellfish sold in Qingdao City and their health risk:Distribution and health risk assessment

为了解青岛市售不同种贝类的汞污染情况及居民通过食用贝类引起的汞健康风险,于2012年10月至2013年4月,在青岛8个行政区采集菲律宾蛤仔、鲍鱼、海螺、香螺、牡蛎、缢蛏、文蛤、扇贝,共8种贝类,181份样品.采用F732-V型冷原子吸收测汞仪对贝类中的总汞含量进行测定.所测8种贝类的汞含量范围为0.001—0.098 mg·kg-1,菲律宾蛤仔、扇贝、文蛤、缢蛏、鲍鱼、海螺、牡蛎和香螺的平均汞含量分别为0.020、0.039、0.012、0.013、0.031、0.030、0.021、0.020 mg·kg-1.在青岛市售贝类的各产地中,红岛所产贝类的汞含量最高,为0.046 mg·kg-1,其次是龙口,为0.027 mg·kg-1,产于乳山和日照的贝类汞含量最低,分别为0.002 mg·kg-1和0.003 mg·kg-1.所采集全部贝类样品中的总汞含量均低于我国国家标准.汞摄入量计算结果显示,青岛居民食用贝类导致的汞摄入量远远低于FAO/WHO推荐Hg的日摄入量.采用美国环保署新制定参考剂量计算的目标危险系数(THQ)结果显示,青岛市儿童通过食用贝类产品有非常高的汞暴露健康风险.

In order to understand the status of mercury pollution in the shellfish of Qingdao City, and mercury health risk for the population via consumption of shellfish production, a total of 181 samples for 8 types of shellfish including Ruditapes philippinarum, Argopectens irradias, Meretrix meretrix L, Sinonovacula, Haliotis asinine, Busycon canaliculatu, Ostrea riuularis Gould, Neptunea arthritica cumingii Crosse, were collected from the markets of 8 administrative regions in Qingdao from October in 2012 to April in 2013. The mercury contents in the shellfish samples were determined by the cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The range of mercury contents in all the kinds of shellfish was from 0.001 mg·kg-1 to 0.098 mg·kg-1 . The average mercury content in Ruditapes philippinarum, Argopectens irradias, Meretrix meretrix L, Sinonovacula, Haliotis asinina Busycon canaliculatu, Ostrea riuularis Gould, Neptunea arthritica cumingii Crosse was 0.02, 0.039, 0.012, 0？013, 0.031, 0.030, 0.021, 0.020 mg·kg-1 , respectively. Among the production areas of shellfish in Qingdao, the samples from Hong Island had the highest average mercury content of 0.046 mg·kg-1 , followed by that from Longkou of 0. 027 mg·kg-1 . Shellfish samples from Rushan and Rizhao had the lowest mercury contents, which were 0. 002 mg·kg-1 and 0. 003 mg·kg-1 , respectively. The mercury concentrations were under the limit of national permitted levels in foods （ GB 2762-2012, 0.5 mg·kg-1 ） . The results of the assessments of mercury intake indicated that the amount of mercury intake through consumption of shellfish was far below the acceptable daily intake recommended by FAO/WHO. However, the calculation results of the target hazard quotient （ THQ） based on the new reference dose set by US Environmental Protection Agency showed that there was high mercury health risk for children living in the target areas through the exposure path of the consumption of shellfish products.