制药企业密集区空气中VOCs污染特性及健康风险评价

Pollution analysis and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds from dense pharmaceutical production areas

为研究制药企业密集区产生的挥发性有机物(VOCs)对环境和人群健康的影响,在制药企业密集区周边8个点位采集168个样品,采用预浓缩-GC-MS法测定VOCs的含量,并通过美国环境保护署(US EPA)的健康风险评价模型,对制药企业密集区挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染进行评价.结果表明,制药企业密集区共检测出32种物质,总挥发性有机物(TVOC)浓度为2.04 mg·m-3,芳香烃类和酮类所占比例较高,分别占总VOCs浓度的43%和28%;大部分VOCs浓度是背景值的十倍或百倍.检测到的19种存在健康危害的VOCs不会对人体产生明显的非致癌健康危害;但1,3-丁二烯、氯仿、四氯化碳、苯和1,1,2-三氯乙烷等5种VOCs对人体有致癌健康危害.密集区总VOCs的累积致癌风险指数远超可接受数量级,说明制药企业密集区排放的VOCs对人体以致癌健康危害为主.

To study the influence of volatile organic compounds （ VOCs） on environment and human health from dense pharmaceutical production area, 168 samples at 8 sampling sites were collected at the factory boundary nearby the pharmaceutical production area. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （ GC-MS） . The results showed that 32 VOCs were identified, and the total mass concentration of VOCs was 2. 042 mg·m-3 . Aromatic hydrocarbons and ketones accounts 43%, 28% respectively. Some VOC concentrations are ten or hundred times larger than the background value. The health risk assessment of VOCs was carried out. 19 VOCs are harmful to human health, which are non-carcinogenic to human body. However, 5 VOCs are carcinogenic to human body, such as 1, 3-butadiene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene and 1,1,2-trichloroethane. The cumulative carcinogenic risk index of VOCs is far more than the recommended acceptable level. It suggests that VOCs from pharmaceutical companies dense area pose carcinogenic risk to human body.