罗尔斯“原初状态”及其困境阐微

Rawls' "Original Position" and Its Dilemma

"原初状态"是罗尔斯《正义论》一书的逻辑起点,它并非被设定为历史上的存在,而只是思维中的存在,即一种假设的存在状态。罗尔斯正是通过这种假设的状态使政治哲学重归契约论,实现了契约论在西方道德哲学史上的复兴,但这种预设的理论本身却存在着诸多困境,体现在正义的环境、无知之幕和选择对象的设计等方面。

＂Original position＂ is the logical starting point of Rawls＇ ＂justice theory＂,it is not being set to exist in history,but just thinking of existence,namely,the existence of a hypothetical state. Rawls makes political philosophy return to contract theory through this assumption,implementing the revival of the contract theory in the western history of moral philosophy,but the theory has many difficulties,which embody in the environment of justice,the design of the veil of ignorance and the object of selection,etc.