奠基岩石“封闭应力”假说的气体包裹体和膨胀能力

GAS INCLUSIONS AND THEIR EXPANSION POWER AS FOUNDATION OF ROCK “LOCKED IN” STRESS HYPOTHESIS

陈宗基先生在1979年提出了"封闭应力"假说,认为它是岩石工程灾害的原因。近年来,钱七虎院士和王思敬院士分别对"封闭应力"假说作了肯定的定性讨论。30多年过去了,这个"封闭应力"假说仅得到极其少的定量研究和发展。在本文中,我提出和试图论证流体包裹体是一种具体、实在、可测量和计算的应力包裹体。它在地质岩石与矿物中普遍存在。它有压强和体积膨胀能。它是一种封闭应力和内应变能的具体存在和作用形式。我给出了这个压强、体积膨胀能和封闭应力包裹体对围岩作用的计算公式和算例。这个包裹流体压强值与深部岩石高地应力场值相当。我进一步分析和讨论了,岩石微小、密封、压紧的流体包裹体应该是深部工程岩石开挖洞室或巷道出现的岩爆、冲击地压、矿震、洞壁劈裂、围岩分区破裂和巷道大变形的一个共同张性体积力源。我认为,这个地质岩石与矿物内紧压膨胀的流体包裹体封闭应力能够完整逻辑一致地、符合自然规律地解释人们所见到的、报道的、与这些深部工程灾害相关的所有事实。并且,它能将这些事实和现象合理地、随时间演变地联系和重塑起来。这种实在、可测试、可定量的封闭应力源和能源的提出和研究能为岩石力学工作者,更好地沿着老一辈岩石力学专家们指引的途径和思路,来建立新的地质岩石力学理论、方法和技术,以更加符合自然规律地解决岩石力学领域世界性难题的深部工程灾害问题。

About 35 years ago,Professor TAN Tjong-Kie proposed the hypothesis of rock“locked in”stresses and considered the“locked in”stresses were the failure cause of rock engineering projects.In recent years,Professor Wang Sijing and Professor Qian Qihu have made some qualitative discussions on the hypothesis.However,this hypothesis has received very little attention and quantitative investigation.In this paper,the author puts forward and attempts to show that the tiny gas（or liquid）inclusions in contact rocks are a specific,concrete and measurable type of variable and considerable“locked in”stresses and kinetic energy.The pressure and volumetric expansion energy of a gas inclusion are a type of“locked in”（or sealed）stresses and internal deformation energy of actual existence and active power.The author gives the governing equations to calculate the pressure and volumetric expansion energy of gas inclusions,which is shown with calculation examples.The pressure of the gas inclusions is equivalent to the average value of the in-situ stresses in deep rocks.The gas inclusions,sealed in micro-defects or voids of deep rocks,are the common tensile or expanding volumetric force sources for the occurrences of many failures in the surrounding rocks of excavated or engineered caverns or tunnels in deep rock ground.Because of differences in the physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rocks,the compressed and dense gas inclusions can cause the following three results and /or phenomena.They are （a）stable walls,（b）brittle fractures and （c）large deformation of the surrounding rocks.Hard and brittle intact rocks can have brittle fractures in the forms of rock burst,mine earthquake,rock split,and zonal disintegration.Soft and ductile intact rocks can have the deformation failure in the forms large deformation,creep and pressure bump accordingly.In addition,the gas inclusions with high pressure can be the source of abnormally high in-situ stresses in some special deep rock grounds.