无创正压通气治疗儿童上呼吸道梗阻性疾病研究进展

Current advance of non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation treating upper airway obstructive diseases in chilren

无创正压通气（NPPV）在上呼吸道梗阻性疾病的治疗中占重要的地位。国外无创通气治疗儿童呼吸系统疾病的报道逐年增加，而目前国内相关报道不多。通过检索国内外NPPV治疗儿童上呼吸道梗阻性疾病的临床研究、综述及操作指南，以了解NPPV在儿童应用的适应证、效果及实施方法。研究发现，NPPV是不能手术或手术不能解决问题的上呼吸道梗阻患儿的治疗选择。该治疗技术避免了上呼吸道梗阻导致的反复低氧和觉醒对机体造成的损害，减少气管切开的概率，提高患儿生活质量。NPPV治疗的实施需要在专业的儿童医疗中心进行，对患儿和家长的培训和教育是提高依从性的关键。

The non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation（NPPV） play an important role in treating patient with upper airway obstructive diseases. The use of NPPV in children has significantly increased in recent years international- ly. Nevertheless,the paediatric NPPV support in China was less reported. This review aimed to clarify the indications, efficacy and technical methods in NPPV, and therefore searched papers including clinical studies, reviews and guide- lines focusing on children with upper airway obstructive diseases who were treated on NPPV. The review concluded that NPPV is a treatment choice for patient who has upper airway obstruction and can not be solved by surgery. The NPPV avoids the impairment to the body caused by recurrent hypoxemia and arousals, decreases the rate of intubation and im- proves the quality of life. NPPV need to be preformed in a professional children＇s medical center. Education and training for the parent is the key point of improving treatment compliance.