安徽省部分城市鼠类特征及种群结构初探

Study on population structure and characteristics of rodents in some cities of Anhui province, China

目的了解安徽省鼠类种群构成、季节消长和不同生境鼠密度情况,为制定鼠类防控方案提供科学依据。方法随机抽取农村自然村、特殊行业和城镇居民区3种类型监测点各1个,采用夹夜法进行鼠密度监测。结果 2011年共捕获鼠类104只,平均鼠密度为0.49%;小家鼠(66.35%)及褐家鼠(30.77%)为优势鼠种,不同生境鼠密度农村自然村>城镇居民区>特殊行业;总体鼠密度、不同生境鼠密度均呈典型的三峰形曲线,3月出现第1个鼠密度高峰、5-6月和8-10月又出现2次高峰。结论基本掌握了安徽省鼠类种群构成及季节消长情况,建议根据鼠类栖息习性及季节消长特点,采取综合性防制措施,并加强对鼠类及其传播疾病的长期监测、预警和防制对策的研究。

Objective To investigate the population composition and seasonality of rodent populations in different habitats in Anhui province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the control of rodents.Methods The night trapping method was used to monitor rodent densities at three randomly selected sites, one in rural village, one in special industrious site, and one in residential community.Results A total of 104 rodents were captured in 2011, with an average density （captue rate） of 0.49%. Of all rodents, the dominant species wereMus musculus（66.35%） and Rattus norvegicus（30.77%）. The rural village had the highest rodent density, followed by residential community and special industrious site. The seasonality of rodent densities in general and in different habitats all followed a three-peak trend, with the first peak in March, the second between May and June, and the third between August and October.Conclusion The population composition and seasonality of rodents have been basically understood. It is recommended that integrated rodent control should be carried out, and that long-term monitoring, early warning,and prevention of rodents and rodent-borne diseases should be strengthened according to the rodent habitats and their seasonality.