福州海岸带湿地分类与变化的遥感分析

Wetlands Classification and Analysis in Fuzhou Coastal Zone

本文利用1986年Landsat TM、1994年Landsat TM、2000年Landsat ETM+、2005年CBERS-02 CCD、2009年ALOS AVNIR-2共5个时期的多平台遥感数据,采用分层分类和决策知识规则等方法,对福州海岸带湿地资源进行提取和分类;并分析了1986-2009年23年间福州海岸带湿地的时空分布和演化规律。结果表明:福州海岸带湿地的变化主要集中在1994-2005年间,1994年前和2005年后湿地变化都比较小;1986-2009年间,福州海岸带湿地面积总体呈下降趋势;天然湿地面积一直在减少,主要转化为水产养殖区等人工湿地和建设用地等非湿地类型;人工湿地2000年前呈下降趋势,2000年以后面积增长较快,其中水产养殖区面积一直稳步增长,主要由非湿地、水稻田和天然湿地转化而来。福州海岸带湿地的变化与区域政策调整、经济利益驱动和人口增长等因素相关,特别是与区域政策调整密切相关。

Based on the multi-sensors remote sensing data of Landsat TM acquired in 1986 and 1994, Landsat ETM＋ acquired in 2000, CBERS-02 CCD acquired in 2005, and ALOS AVNIR-2 acquired in 2009, the wetlands in Fuzhou coastal zone were classified using stratified decision rules. The coastal wetlands were divided into two categories： natural wetlands and artificial wetlands, from which the natural wetlands include five classes, while the artificial wetlands include three Classes. The spatial patterns and dynamic changes of coastal wetlands from 1986 to 2009 were analyzed. The main changes of coastal wetlands happened during 1994 to 2005, and there were only a few changes before 1994 and after 2005. From 1986 to 2009, the total area of wetlands had decreased. The area of natural wetlands had decreased during the whole period, and was mainly transformed into aquacultures and non-wetlands area such as construction lands. The area of artificial wetlands had decreased before 2000 and increased after 2000, in which the area of aquacultures had increased very rapidly, and were mainly transformed from non-wetlands area, paddy fields and natural wetlands. The spatial pattern and dynamic change of coastal zone was jointly affected by local policies adjustment, the driving of economic interests and population increase. The temporal wetlands changes were closely related to the local policies.