不同耕作与保墒措施对小麦、玉米周年水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Different Measures of Tillage and Soil Moisture Conservation on Anniversary Water Use Efficiencies of Wheat and Corn

通过田间试验,研究了不同耕作与保墒措施对小麦和玉米的生长、产量及水分利用的影响。结果表明,不同措施均提高了小麦的成穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和产量,降低了小麦全生育期的耗水量,提高了小麦的水分利用效率。增产效果以深松处理最显著,而水分利用效率以保水剂+秸秆覆盖处理最高。而对后茬玉米而言,不同措施均提高了玉米穗长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒质量和地上生物量,且玉米产量和水分利用效率也相应提高,以深松处理效果较佳。夏秋2季作物的周年累加效应以深松处理的增产和节水效果最佳,较对照增产15.5%,水分利用效率提高29.0%。

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different measures of tillage and soil moisture conservation on the growths, yields and water use efficiencies of wheat and maize. The results showed that the numbers per spike, spike grain number and production of wheat were improved, water consumption during the whole growth period of wheat was reduced, and water use efficiency of wheat increased under different measures. There was the most significant effect for wheat production after the application of deep loosening, and water use efficiency was the top under the treatment of water-retaining agent and straw mulching compared with other treatments. For following corn, the ear length, number, kernels per row, 100 kernel weight, biomass on the ground, yield and water use efficiency of maize were improved under different measures, and the effect under deep loosening treatment was better compared with other treatments. The annual yield and water use efficiency of two season crops （wheat and maize） were the top under deep loosening treatment, whose yield increased by 15.5% and water use efficiency increased by 29.0%.