北疆滴灌春小麦各生育期土壤水盐分布

Distribution of Soil Water and Salt for Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation at Different Growth Periods in North Xinjiang

通过田间小区试验，测定了小麦不同生育阶段剖面含水率和剖面含盐量。结果表明，随生育期的延长及灌水量的变化，滴灌对土壤水盐影响深度逐渐加深；土壤水盐变化主要在0-60cm土层，以0-20cm土层更为剧烈；分蘖期土壤盐分积聚在20-30cm土层，拔节孕穗期积聚在50-60cm土层；抽穗扬花期与灌浆期土壤含盐量表现为表层和深层双聚。灌溉定额为4950m＾3／hm＾2时，0-40cm土层含盐量保持较低状态，能够保证小麦较好生长。滴灌条件下，北疆春小麦灌溉定额以4950m＾3／hm＾2为宜。

Field plot experiments were carried out to measure soil water content and soil salt content in profiles during different growth stages of spring wheat under drip irrigation in North Xinjiang. The results indicated that drip irrigation affected soil moisture and soil salinity in deeper soil with the development of growth period and the change of irrigation water amount. Soil moisture and soil salinity changed mainly in 0-60 cm soil layer, especially in 0-20 cm soil layer. Soil salinity was accumulated in 20-30 cm soil layer at the tillering stage while it was accumulated in 50-60 cm soil layer in the jointing booting stage. Soil sa linity moved to surface soil and deeper soil at flowering stage and at filling stage. When irrigation quota was 4 950 m^3/hm^2, soil salt content in 0-40 cm was always low, which could well promote the growth of wheat. Irrigation quota of 4 950 m^3/hm^2 is suggested for spring wheat under drip irrigation in North Xinjiang.