二步法联合发酵植物蛋白原料的初步研究

Preliminary study on two-step fermentation of plant protein raw material

以黑曲霉、枯草芽孢杆菌、热带假丝酵母和植物乳酸菌为出发菌种,对豆粕、菜籽粕和棉籽粕组成的复合植物蛋白饲料进行发酵处理,通过对固态发酵工艺条件的优化,获得复合菌种固态发酵生产蛋白质饲料的最佳工艺参数为:以豆粕32%、菜籽粕31%、棉籽粕16%、麸皮10%、玉米粉10%和硫酸铵1%为发酵基质,黑曲霉︰枯草芽孢杆菌︰热带假丝酵母︰植物乳酸菌接种比例为1︰2︰1︰1,接种量12%,发酵基质初始含水率60%,发酵温度32℃,好氧发酵和厌氧发酵各48h,发酵后粗蛋白质含量达到45.47%,提高了32.1%。酸溶蛋白达到159.2mg/g,硫甙和棉酚脱毒率分别达到83.77%和89.82%。

Taking Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subitilis, Lactobacillus plantarurn, Candida tropicalis as the starting strains, the optimal technological parameters for production of protein feeds were obtained by solid state fermentation of composite plant protein feed mainly consisting of soybean meal, rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal. The results were as that： soybean meal 32%, rapeseed meal 31%, cottonseed meal 16%, wheat bran 10%,corn meal 10% and ammonia sulfate 1% as fermentation substrates,the ratio of Aspergillus niger ： Bacillus subitilis ： Lactobacillus plantarum ： Candida tropicalis 1 ： 2 ： 1 ： 1,inocu- lation amount 12% ,the initial water content of the fermentation substrates 60%, fermentation temperature 32℃, the aerobic and anaerobic fermentation time both 48 h. The yield of crude protein was up to 45.47%, increased by 32.1% compared with that before fermentation. Meanwhile, acid-soluble protein was up to 159.2 mg/g, glucosinolate and gossypol detoxification rate reached 83.77% and 89.82%, respectively.