砂姜黑土区氮肥基追比对不同小麦品种产量和品质的影响

Effects of Ratio of Basal Fertilizer and Top-dressing of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Different Wheat Varieties in Lime Concretion Black Soil

为了确定豫西南砂姜黑土区小麦的最佳氮肥基追比,以强筋小麦郑麦7698和弱筋小麦偃展4110为试验材料,研究了豫西南砂姜黑土区氮肥基追比(0∶10、2∶8、4∶6、6∶4、8∶2、10∶0)对不同筋度小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明,在砂姜黑土区,氮肥基追比对不同筋度小麦产量和品质有较大影响,随着氮肥基追比的增加,2个小麦品种的产量及品质总体上均先增加后降低。强筋小麦郑麦7698和弱筋小麦偃展4110分别在基追比4∶6、6∶4时产量最高、品质最优;此时两品种产量分别为7 274.0、7 230.5kg/hm2,小麦产量的提高主要得益于有效穗数的增加。在豫西南砂姜黑土区,建议强筋小麦以基追比4∶6、弱筋小麦以6∶4施氮方式为优。

In order to determine the ratio of basal fertilizer and top-dressing of nitrogen fertilizer,the effects of ratio of basal fertilizer and top-dressing of nitrogen fertilizer（0∶10,2∶8,4∶6,6∶4,8∶2,10∶0）on yield and quality of wheat were studied with the strong gluten wheat Zhengmai7698 and weak gluten wheat Yanzhan 4110 as materials in lime concretion black soil region in the southwest of Henan province.The results showed that the ratio of basal fertilizer and top-dressing of nitrogen fertilizer had a greater influence on the yield and quality of wheat,the yield and quality of the two wheat varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase of the ratio of basal fertilizer and top-dressing of nitrogen fertilizer.When the ratio of basal fertilizer and top-dressing of nitrogen fertilizer was 4∶6,the yield of Zhengmai 7698 was highest（7 274.0kg/ha）,and the quality was best;when the ratio of basal fertilizer and top-dressing of nitrogen fertilizer was 6∶4,the yield of Yanzhan 4110 was highest（7 230.5kg/ha）,and the quality was best.The increased yield contributed to the increase of effective panicles.Overall,the nitrogen application methods were superior with the ratio of basal fertilizer and top-dressing of nitrogen fertilizer in 4∶6 for strong gluten wheat,6∶4 for weak gluten wheat.