乌梁素海湖泊冰生长过程的现场观测

Field Observation of Ice Growing Process in Wuliangsuhai Lake

为了研究湖泊结冰过程中特有的水文特性对冰封期水环境的影响,以乌梁素海湖泊为研究对象,对湖泊冰生长过程中气温、冰温和水温进行在线观测,以分析冰温和水温对气温的响应关系。用冰钻钻取冰厚依次为9.5、21.0、31.0、41.0、59.0 cm时的冰柱样品,对其表观密度进行测定,并从冰的透明度、冰晶体类型、气泡数量和冰柱底面纹理四方面分析每段冰柱的形态结构。结果表明:冰温和气温有相同的变化趋势,冰温的变化滞后于气温的;冰下水的温度不受气温的影响,稳定在-0.25^-0.50℃;湖冰生长期冰的表观密度为895.2~903.3 kg/m3,冰柱下层的表观密度小于上层的,这与冰生长速率和气泡的数量及体积有关;湖冰生长过程中不同深度冰柱的透明度、晶体类型、气泡含量和底面纹理有较大差异。

In order to study the effect of hydrological characteristics on water environment during freezing period,Wuliangsuhai Lake was selected for a study object. The atmosphere temperature,ice temperature and water temperature were observed online to analyze the response relationship between them. The ice core sample of 9. 5 cm,21. 0 cm,31. 0 cm,41. 0 cm and 59. 0 cm were collected in order to measure the apparent density and observe the ice morphological structure from transparency,crystal type and number of bubbles. The results show that the ice temperature appears to have the same changing trend as atmosphere temperature,but the changing of ice temperature is delay as against that of atmosphere temperature. But the atmosphere temperature shows no effect on underice water temperature,which is always stabilized on -0. 25～ -0. 50℃. The major difference exists among transparency,crystal type and number of bubbles as ice growing. The apparent density of ice is 895. 2～903. 3 kg/m^3 in ice growing process,while the value of lower layer is less than that of upper layer,which is related to ice growing rate and number of bubbles. All the transparency,crystal type,number of bubbles and dense texture at the bottom are different in the vertical direction as ice growing.