基于输沙平衡度的河型成因理论假说及其验证

Theoretical Hypothesis on the Forming Cause of Channel Patterns and Its Application

在建立冲积河流输沙平衡度公式的基础上,提出河型成因理论假说:冲积河流河型形成的内在成因是河流的输沙平衡度,外在成因是表达河床、水流和泥沙的物理量;河流系统中包含了河床系统、水流系统和泥沙系统3个二级系统;河道整治工程首先影响河型的外在成因,然后通过外在成因影响内在成因,不同的输沙平衡度过程形成了不同的河型。黄河下游的验证结果表明:依据冲积河流河型成因理论假说可以对河型进行分类,并有效地对河型进行预测,从理论上讲可以控制河型。

The theoretical hypothesis on the cause of channel patterns of alluvial river based on the degree of equilibrium sediment transport indicated that the cause of channel patterns of alluvial river covered the internal cause and the external causes. The internal cause was the degree of the equilibrium sediment transport of alluvial river. The external causes were the physical quantities of the river bed,the river flow and the river sediment. The alluvial river system was made up of the river bed system,the river flow system and the river sediment system. The river training works affected the internal cause through affecting the external causes. The different processes of the degree of the equilibrium sediment transport formed the different channel patterns. The results of the application basted on 30 years’data of the lower Yellow River show that the theoretical hypothesis can provide the theoretical guidance for classification,predictions and control of channel pattern.