小浪底水库应急调度对下游水污染事件的调控

Control Ranges of Emergency Dispatches in Xiaolangdi Reservoir for Downstream Water Pollution Incidents

近年来黄河突发性水污染事件出现较为频繁，水库加大下泄流量对缓解突发性水污染能够发挥重要作用。建立黄河小浪底以下河段降雨径流、河网水动力学与污染物传输扩散相耦合的模型，基于非汛期黄河干流多事故地点排放情景模式，研究小浪底水库运行方式对污染事件的调控能力及实施效果。结果表明：针对发生在小浪底水库下游的突发性水污染事件，水库实施应急调度，能够在一定范围内起到降低污染物浓度、控制污染物传输的作用。事故地点若距离水库较近，应急调度能够发挥较大作用。下游河道接近环境流量，小浪底水库在150～1500 m^3/s等级范围改变下泄流量，对事故地点在高村以下河段的突发性水污染事件无控制作用。

In recent years, the sudden water pollution incidents in the Yellow River have brought direct and indirect serious losses to basin economy and society. Discharge from reservoirs can play an important role in alleviating the impacts of sudden water pollution events. A pollutant transport model coupling of rainfall-runoff and hydrodynamic was established for the downstream of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, thus the processes of sudden water pollution incidents could be simulated. Based on various scenarios of accident sites in the mainstream of the Yellow River during non-flood season, the regulatory capacity and the effect of emergency dispatches on the pollution incidents in the Xiaolangdi Reservoir had been studied. The results show that the emergent water dispatch by Xiaolangdi Reservoir is capable to dilute the concentration of pollutants and can control the pollutants transport in a certain range. If an accident site is relatively close to the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the emergent water dispatches can play a greater role. Xiaolangdi Reservoir changes the discharge from 150 to 1500 m^3/s, and in the case that the flow in the downstream is similar with the environmental flow, the emergent water dispatches can play a poor role for sudden water pollution incidents that occur in these reaches below Gaocun.