论大黄炮制依据及方法与临床功效应用

Analysis on Reference of Rhubarb Processing and Clinical Application

大黄因其性寒,气香味苦。入气分苦以通泄、降泄、清泄、燥湿;入血分则凉血、活血、解毒,故有泻下攻积、泻火解毒、活血祛瘀、利胆退黄之功。因其归大肠、脾、胃、心、肝经,既入气分又入血分。入足阳明胃、足太阴脾、足厥阴肝、手少阳心包经、手阳明大肠经。能入血分,通经脉而破一切瘀血,其力沉而不浮,以攻决为用,下各种症瘕积聚。因其气香,故兼入气分,少用之亦能调气。能下心中热痰以愈疯狂,降肠胃热实以通燥结,其香窜透窍之力又善利小便。其性趋下而善清在上之热,故目痛齿痛,用之皆为要药。又善治疮疡热毒。因其性能降胃热及胃气,故善治吐血、衄血。《本经》谓其能推陈出新,因此有黄良之名。因而大黄临床应用与它各种炮制方法是密不可分。

The nature of rhubarb is cold and the flavor is fragrant with the bitter taste. Being into the Qi phase, the bitter taste can dredge, descend, clear and dry dampness. Being into the blood phase, it can cool blood, activate blood circulation and relieve toxin. Therefore, rhubarb can purge mass, clear fire and toxin, activate blood circulation to resolve stasis and relieve jaundice. According to its channel tropism, it belongs to large intestine, spleen, stomach, heart and liver meridians and both Qi and blood phases. Because going into blood phase, it can dredge meridians and eliminate blood stasis. Due to its fragrant flavor, it can go into the Qi phase and regulate Qi with a little dose. It can clear phlegm-fire in chest to treat madness and descend heat in stomach and intestines to dredge the mass. It also can promote urination. Because it has the descending trend, it is good at clearing heat in the upper. It is the essential drug for eye pain and toothache. It is also good at treating ulcers and sores. Because it can descend heat and Qi in stomach, it can treat vomiting blood and nose bleeding. The application of rhubarb is associated with its processing methods.