“相”字古今词义演变及用法

“相”字是一个复杂而且特殊的字。说它复杂，是因为它是一个兼词，兼有名词、动词、指代性副词等多种词性和用法；说它特殊，是因为它作为副词。不仅表示动作涉及到的双方，表示“互相”的意思，而且还经常表示动作涉及到的单方面，具有一定的指代性，（可代第一、第二、第三人称）指代多种人和事物。“相”字的用法复杂且多变，在中学教学和学习中给教师和学生都带来了不小的困扰。本文试从通过古代汉语、现代汉语的大量例证分析“相”字的本艾、引申义及“相”字的古今演变过程，拟以系统的脉络为读者的研究学习提供相关资料。

The Chinese character ＂Xiang＂ （相） is complex and special. As of complexity, it is a Concurrence Word with many characteristics and usages as a noun, a verb or a referential adverb. As of specialness, it cannot only involve both sides related with the action with the meaning of ＂each another＂ , but also often refer to the one side with some referential functions, referring to various people and things in the first, second or third person. The usage of ＂Xiang＂ is complicated and varies much, which troubles teachers and students in middle school during their teaching and learning. The paper tries to provide learners useful systematic materials through analyzing the original meanings and extended meanings of ＂Xiang＂ in ancient Chinese examples and contemporary Chinese ones and the evolution process of the meanings of ＂Xiang＂ .