辽东楤木皂苷分布特性的研究

Study on Distribution Characteristics of the Total Aralosides Content in Aralia elata(Miq.) Seem.

目的：研究辽东楤木植株中的皂苷分布。方法：以1-8年株龄辽东楤木为试材,采用超声提取法提取楤木皂苷,采用分光光度计法测定辽东楤木植株的根和茎不同部位的皂苷含量,不同生长发育时期和不同光照条件下叶片的皂苷含量。结果：辽东楤木根皮、茎皮和叶片中均含有大量的皂苷成分,根皮和茎皮中的皂苷含量逐年增加,8年生植株的根、茎皮中分别为11.0%和8.2%,根、茎的木质部和髓中亦含有皂苷,但相对较少;叶片皂苷含量随株龄增长而增加,4、6年生植株叶片皂苷含量分别为8.3%、8.9%;光照处理对叶片的生长及皂苷含量影响较大,50%透光率及以下的光照条件叶片生长不良,早衰严重,皂苷积累较少,最高含量为5.9%,75%透光率条件同全光照条件叶片发育形态指标接近,并有利于皂苷形成,皂苷含量平均高于全光条件0.6%,结论：6年以上植株的根茎皮在皂苷含量和总量上都相对较高;4年以上植株成熟的叶片在皂苷含量和总量上均较高,最适宜作为药源材料;叶片在一定遮阳条件下更有利于皂苷形成与积累。

Objective：Study the aralosides distribution in plants of Aralia elata.Method：Using 1- 8years old Aralia elata as material,adopting ultrasonic extraction method to extract aralosides,spectrophotometric method to determine aralosides distribution in different parts of root and stem of Aralia elata plants,and aralosides distribution in different growth periods of leaves of Aralia elata plants under different light conditions.Result：The results showed that aralosides contents in root bark,stem bark and leaf of Aralia elata were considerable,with the aralosides contents in root bark and stem bark increasing year by year.As an 8-year-old plant,the aralosides content in bark of boot and stem is 11.0% and 8.2% separately,which is less than that in xylem and pith.The aralosides contents in leaves increased with plant age,8.3% and 8.9% in 4-year-old plant and 6-year-old plant,relatively.Light conditions had great effect on leaf development and aralosides content,i.e.light transmittance of 50% accelerated leaf senescence and abscission,as well as was detrimental to the accumulation of aralosides,with highest content of5.9%.The morphological indexes of leaf development in plants under light transmittance of 75% were close to that in the plants in the condition of full sunlight,with the average level 0.60% higher.Conclusion：Aralosides content and total amounts in root,stem and bark of over 6 years plants are relatively higher;Aralosides content and total amounts in mature leaves of over 4 years are also relatively higher,and are most suitable as pharmaceutical materials;the leaves of Aralia elata improved the formation and accumulation of araloside under suitable shading condition.