我国当前南海南部拖网渔业的困局和对策

On major dilemmas and countermeasures of Chinese trawl fishery in the southern South China Sea

南海南部渔场是广西拖网渔船在南海外海的传统作业区域之一。然而,近年来该海域渔业涉外事故频发,广西渔船损失惨重。为了规避涉外事故,广西拖网渔船不得不频频中断正常生产,转移到南海外海其它涉外风险较低的渔场作业。2013年5月以后,在南海外海生产的广西拖网渔船陆续撤出南海南部,至今未恢复生产。本文采用南海捕捞信息动态采集网络和信息渔船2013年的生产记录,通过统计及对比,分析拖网渔船从南海南部转移后面临的困境和成因。结果表明,渔船转移到6°N以北的南海外海渔场生产,单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)减少31.25%、优质鱼类所占的比例明显下降、全部航次亏损,生产难以为继。目前南海南部的生产态势明显不利于南海外海渔业的发展。本文提出恢复和坚持南海南部生产是南海外海拖网渔业发展的基础,有关部门应加强渔场巡航护渔、组织综合编队生产及加大对渔船开发南海南部渔业资源的支持力度。为了进一步发展南海外海拖网生产,建议在南海南部探索试验共同渔区模式。

The southern part of South China Sea（ SCS）,which refers to sea areas south of N6° and within the traditional U-line in SCS,has been one of the major fishing grounds for Guangxi trawls engaged in offshore of SCS. In the past several years,fishery incidents and assaults occurred frequently to Guangxi trawls and fishers fishing legally in this area and caused heavy losses. Time and again,Guangxi trawls had to withdraw to other fishing grounds to the north with less risk. The situation got worse in May 2013 and lasted. As a result,fishing activities of Guangxi trawls in the southern part has stopped. Based on data collected from fishing boats Fishery Information System of SCS（ Guangxi branch）,this paper tried to analyze causes of difficulty confronted by Chinese trawls fishing in the area. It drew the conclusion from statistics and comparison that trawl fishery in other grounds beyond this area in offshore of SCS was hard to sustain,as CPUE dropped by31. 25%,proportion of high-value fishes decreased,and all voyage-benefit were in red. This situation brought negative impacts on fishery development in offshore of SCS. This paper put forward that maintaining trawls in the southern part was critical in this circumstance. Administrations concerned should implement measures as reinforcing fishery escort,organizing synthetic fishing fleets to the area,and increasing supports to trawls and fishers,etc. Besides,fishery cooperation based on models of contracted fishing grounds in the southern SCS was suggested.