灌溉和种植方式对冬小麦生育后期旗叶光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of irrigation and planting patterns on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and yield at late growth stages of winter wheat

于2009—2011年通过田间试验,以高产中筋冬小麦品种济麦22为材料,设等行距平作、宽窄行平作、沟播3种种植方式,每种种植方式下设不灌水(W0)、灌拔节水(W1)、灌拔节水+开花水(W2)、灌拔节水+开花水+灌浆水(W3)4种灌溉处理(每次灌水量为60 mm),研究不同灌溉和种植方式对冬小麦生育后期旗叶光合特性和产量的影响.结果表明:随冬小麦灌水量的增加,3种种植方式下小麦花后旗叶叶面积和光合速率均增加,光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率和实际光化学效率也增加;与W0处理相比,各灌水处理提高了小麦籽粒产量,但水分利用效率(WUE)降低.同一灌溉条件下,与其他两种种植方式相比,沟播方式小麦花后旗叶光合速率、光系统Ⅱ最大光能转化效率和实际光化学效率均较高,且W2处理籽粒产量显著高于其他处理.统筹考虑冬小麦的籽粒产量和WUE,沟播结合灌拔节水+开花水是华北平原冬麦区较适宜的节水种植方式.

High-yield winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 was used to study effects of irrigation and planting patterns on water consumption characteristics and photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat in field from 2009 to 2011. Three different planting patterns （uniform row, wide-narrow row and furrow） and four irrigation schedules （Wo, no irrigation; W1, irrigation at jointing stage; W2, irrigations at jointing and anthesis stages; W3, irrigation at jointing, anthesis and milking stages. Each irrigation rate was 60 mm） were designed in the experiment. Results showed that, with the in- creasing of irrigation amount, flag leaf area, net photosynthesis rate, maximum photochemical effi- ciency and actual light transformation efficiency at late growth stages of winter wheat increased. Compared with W0 treatment, the other irrigation treatments had higher grain yields, but lower wa- ter use efficiencies. Under the same irrigation condition, the flag leaf net photosynthesis, maximum photochemical efficiency and actual light transformation efficiency were much higher in furrow pat- tern. Grain yields of winter wheat under furrow pattern and Wz treatment were significantly higher than that of the other treatments. Taking grain yield and WUE into consideration, furrow pattern combined with irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages might be the optimal water-saving and plant- ing mode for the winter wheat production in North China Plain.