定容重条件下生物炭对半干旱区土壤水分入渗特征的影响

Effects of biochar addition into soils in semiarid land on water infiltration under the condition of the same bulk density

了解生物炭添加土壤后对水分入渗过程的影响,可为半干旱区生物炭还田对土壤水文过程的影响评价提供科学依据.本文采用室内土柱模拟方法,在定容重条件下研究了3种生物炭粒径（1-2 mm、0.25-1 mm和≤0.25 mm）和4种添加量（10、50、100和150 g·kg^-1）对两种不同质地土壤（塿土和风沙土）累积入渗量、吸渗率和稳定入渗率的影响.结果表明：与对照相比,生物炭总体上能够明显增加塿土入渗能力,降低风沙土入渗能力.在入渗100 min时,塿土添加生物炭处理的平均累积入渗量比对照高25.1%;在入渗15 min时,风沙土添加生物炭处理的平均累积入渗量比对照低11.1%.相同生物炭添加量下,生物炭粒径均对塿土累积入渗量具有促进作用,但不同添加量处理的最大作用粒径不尽一致.对于风沙土累积入渗量,低添加量（10 g·kg^-1）时,除≤0.25 mm粒径促进作用不明显外,其他两种粒径均表现出明显的促进作用,而高添加量（50、100和150 g·kg^-1）则表现出抑制作用,且100和150 g·kg^-1粒径处理风沙土累积入渗量随生物炭粒径的减小呈递减趋势.相同生物炭粒径下,风沙土的累积入渗量随着生物炭添加量的增加而递减,塿土则规律不明显.利用Philip入渗模型拟合的决定系数在0.965-0.999,拟合效果较好,说明此模型适合对添加生物炭的土壤水分入渗过程进行模拟.生物炭粒径、生物炭添加量及两者的交互效应对两种土壤的吸渗率和稳渗率均有显著影响,且生物炭添加量对入渗的影响最显著.生物炭对土壤水分入渗特征的影响取决于土壤的质地类型,且该影响程度与添加量呈正相关关系.

Making clear the effects of biochar addition the scientific basis for the evaluation of the influence on soil water infiltration process can provide of biochar application on soil hydrology in semi-arid region. In this paper, through the soil column simulation method in laboratory, the effects of biochar of three sizes （1-2 mm, 0.25-1 mm and ≤0.25 mm） at 4 doses （ 10, 50, 100 and 150 g·kg^-） on the cumulative infiltration, the permeability and the stable infiltration rate of two different soils （anthrosol and aeolian sandy soil） were studied. The results showed that the infiltra- tion capacity of the anthrosol was obviously increased compared to the control, however, the one in the aeolian sandy soil was decreased due to the biochar addition. At 100 minutes after infiltration starting, the averaged cumulative infiltration was increased by 25.1% in the anthrosol with compa- rison to the control. Contrarily, the averaged cumulative infiltration was decreased by 11.1% in the aeolian sandy soil at 15 minutes after infiltration starting. When the dose was the same, biocharwith different particle sizes improved the infiltration for the anthrosol, but for the different dose treatments, the particle size of biochar which showed the greatest improvement was different. As for the aeolian sandy soil, the infiltration increased at the dose of 10 g ·kg^- after the addition of bio- char with different particle sizes, while decreased at the higher dose of 50, 100 and 150 g ·kg^-. The cumulative infiltration of the aeolian sandy soil was decreased with the increase in addition amount of biochar with the same particle size, while it was not so for the anthrosol. The determina- tion coefficient fitted by the Philip infiltration model ranged from 0.965 to 0. 999, suggesting this model was suitable for the simulation of soil water infiltration process after biochar application. Sta- tistical analysis of main effects showed that the biochar particle size, the biochar addition amount, and the interactive effect had statistically significant effect on the soil permeability and stable infil- tration rate in the two soils. In conclusion, the biochar had different effects on the soils with differ- ent textures, moreover, there was a positive correlation relationship between the impact and the ad- dition amount.