基于动力吸振原理的动车组车下设备悬挂参数设计

Suspension Parameters Designing of Equipment for Electric Multiple Units Based on Dynamic Vibration Absorber Theory

为降低车体的弹性振动,将车体考虑成弹性欧拉梁,基于动力吸振原理进行多个车下设备的最优悬挂频率设计。建立弹性车体和车下设备的垂向耦合振动数学模型,研究不同设备悬挂频率、联接阻尼、质量和安装位置条件下的车体振动分布规律。建立车辆系统三维刚柔耦合动力学模型,仿真分析在实际线路激扰条件下,车体振动和平稳性随设备悬挂参数变化的分布规律。垂向耦合振动理论分析表明动力吸振原理可用于车下设备悬挂参数设计,验证了用于车体弹性振动减振的可行性和有效性,能够显著降低车体的垂弯模态振动;将大质量设备越靠近车体中部安装时车体的减振效果越好;设备悬挂频率应接近车体的垂弯模态频率,较优的弹性联接阻尼比应满足0.05-0.20。三维刚柔耦合动力学仿真结果验证了理论分析结果,车辆运行速度越高,减振效果越显著。试验台结果表明车下设备采用弹性联接可显著改善高速动车组的乘坐平稳性,与理论和仿真分析结果吻合。

To reduce the carbody flexible vibration, the carbody is modeled as an Euler-Bemoulli beam. The optimum suspension frequencies for various equipment are calculated based on the dynamic vibration absorber（DVA） theory. A vertical mathematical model containing flexible carbody and equipment is set up to study the influence of equipment mass, suspension stiffness, damping and mounting position on the carbody vibration reduction. A three-dimensional rigid-flexible coupled vehicle system dynamics model is established to simulate the vibration response of carbody and equipment for the track irregularity. The mathematical analysis shows that the DVA theory can be applied to design the suspension parameters of equipment, and indicates that it＇s applicable and effectively to reduce the flexible vibration of carbody which the vertical bending mode is restrained significantly. The heavier the equipment and the closer to the carbody center of mounting position, the greater are the flexible vibration reduction of carbody, and the suspension frequency should be close to the frequency of vertical bending mode. In addition, the damping ratio of suspension elements should remain a certain range from 0.05 to 0.20. The dynamics simulation agrees with the mathematical analysis and shows that the higher the running velocity, the greater is the vibration reduction. The tests for electric multiple units on the roller test rig indicate that the riding comforts can be improved effectively for the elastic suspension of equipment, which shows a good agreement with the former analyzing. The feasibility and effectiveness of DVA applied on flexible vibration reduction of carbody have been verified again.