自身免疫性肾脏病实验室检测的应用新进展

Laboratory tests in autoimmune renal diseases：an update

自身免疫性疾病突出表现为血清中多种自身抗体的形成及全身多脏器损伤,其中肾脏是最常见、最重要的受累器官之一.自身抗体在自身免疫性肾脏病的诊断、指导治疗及判断预后方面具有重要作用.最常见的自身免疫性肾脏病为狼疮性肾炎、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA）相关小血管炎肾损害和抗肾小球基底膜（GBM）病.抗C1q抗体在狼疮性肾炎、ANCA在ANCA相关小血管炎和抗GBM抗体在抗GBM病中分别发挥着重要作用,合理、稳定的检测体系对临床医师至关重要,而临床医师也应正确对这些自身抗体的结果进行解读.

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the presence of various autoantibodies and may cause injuries to multiple organs,with kidney as the most common and important organ involved.Autoantibodies are of great importance in the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of autoimmune renal diseases.Lupus nephritis,anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody （ANCA） associated vasculitis and antiglomerular basement membrane （GBM） disease are the most common autoimmune renal diseases.Anti-C1q antibody,ANCA and anti-GBM antibody play important roles in those diseases,respectively.Appropriate and steady detecting methods are crucial to clinicians,and the results should also be interpreted with great cautions.