露天石矿噪声危害与工人听力状况调查

Investigation of noise hazards and hearing status of workers in outdoor quarries

目的 了解露天石矿开采企业噪声危害情况,为进一步控制噪声危害提供参考依据.方法 2010-2011年对浙江省德清县域内所有露天石矿进行现况调查,内容包括企业基本情况、职业卫生现场调查与噪声检测、接触噪声工人听力测量.听力结果评定依据GBZ 49-2007《职业性噪声聋诊断标准》.结果 共调查石矿企业25家,工人作业场所噪声总体合格率为30.4％ （17/56）,噪声声级中位数为92.5 dB（A）.25家企业的508名工人初次体检检出双耳听力下降者54名（10.6％）,观察对象93名（18.3％）.破碎工、机修工、风枪工和爆破工听力正常比率为27.6％～41.4％,明显低于其他工种（63.7％）和噪声危害轻微的岗位（80.0％,P＜0.05）.破碎工工龄越长,“观察对象”和“双耳听力下降”越多.结论 石料采选作业岗位广泛存在职业性噪声危害,其中破碎、机修、风枪凿岩、爆破岗位尤为突出;破碎岗位中一级破碎岗位、未设控制室的二级破碎岗位危害更严重;噪声危害亟待监管部门和企业加强重视和治理.

Objective To investigate the noise hazards in open quarries and to provide a basis for further control of noise hazards.Methods An investigation was performed during 2010 to 2011 among all open quarries in Deqing County of Zhejiang Province,China.The investigation included basic information of the quarries,the occupational health situation and noise intensity at the workplace,and the hearing loss of workers exposed to noise in quarry enterprises.The hearing test results were evaluated based on the Diagnostic criteria of occupational noise-induced hearing loss （GBZ 49-2007）.Results A total of 25 enterprises with open quarries were investigated,of which only 30.4% （17/56） workplaces met the national standard.The median noise level was 92.5 dB （A）.Fifty-four （10.6%） out of 508 workers in the 25 enterprises were diagnosed with binaural hearing loss in the initial physical examination,with 18.3% （93/508） under surveillance.The rate of normal hearing among crushing workers,mechanists,drilling workers,and blasting workers ranged between 27.6% and 41.4%,which was significantly lower than that among workers exposed to slight noise hazards （80.0%） or other workers （63.7%） （P〈0.05）.With increasing working years,the binaural hearing loss of crushing workers became serious.Conclusion Serious occupational noise hazards existed in most jobs in open quarries,with crushing workers,mechanists,drilling workers,and blasting workers most seriously jeopardized.Among crushing workers,those working in the first-line or unprotected second-line positions suffered more than the others.Further measures should be taken by the supervision department and the enterprises to control the noise hazards in open quarries.