高黏度骨水泥在修复骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折中的应用

Application of high viscosity bone cement in thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures

背景:椎体成形和椎体后凸成形目前已被广泛应用于骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折治疗中,但存在骨水泥渗漏问题,尤其是对于椎体后壁破裂患者更易发生骨水泥渗漏。目的:观察采用高黏度骨水泥及其椎体成形修复骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效。方法:回顾分析采用高黏度骨水泥及其椎体成形修复的20例骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者的临床资料,治疗后采用目测类比评分评估腰背部疼痛,ODI评分评估腰背部功能,SF-36健康调查评分表评估生活质量,Frankel评分评估神经功能,影像学观察骨水泥渗漏、肺栓塞、邻近椎体骨折等并发症发生情况,X射线评估伤椎椎体前缘高度恢复。结果与结论:随访12-18个月,患者伤椎椎体前缘高度、腰背部疼痛及功能、生活质量均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05),神经症状与治疗前相同;复查X射线及CT见骨水泥弥散良好,发生2例骨水泥渗漏,但无任何临床症状;无骨水泥毒性或过敏反应、肺栓塞、感染、神经损伤或新发骨折等并发症发生。说明高黏度骨水泥应用于骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折可以明显缓胸腰背部疼痛,改善腰背部功能及生活质量,降低骨水泥渗漏风险。

BACKGROUND： Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty have been widely applied in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture. However, cement leakage is a major problem in the application of this technology, especially for the vertebral posterior wall ruptured patients.OBJECTIVE： To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of high viscosity bone cement and vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture. METHOD,R： A retrospective study was conducted in 20 cases receiving high viscosity bone cement and vertebroplasty surgery for osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture. Clinical outcomes were evaluated mainly with use of Visual Analog Scale for lower back pain. Function of lower back pain was assessed using Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire. Quality of life was evaluated using 36-1tern Short Form Health Survey and Frankel score was applied to evaluate neurological function. The anterior vertebral height of the fractured vertebrae was assessed with X-ray. The bone cement leakage, PUlmonary embolism, incidence of nearby vertebral fractures and other complications were evaluated during follow-up.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： All patients were followed up for 12-18 months. The anterior vertebral height of the fractured vertebrae, the lower back pain and function, and quality of life were improved significantly after treatment （P 〈 0.05）. All patients got the same neurological symptoms before surgery. The bone cement dispersion was good after treatment, detected by X-ray and CT scan, only two cases appeared with bone cement leakage, but no clinical symptoms were found. There was no cement toxicity or allergic complications, pulmonary embolism, infection, nerve injury or new fractures. The high viscosity bone cement used in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures can significantly relieve thoracic back pain, improve lower back function and quality of life, and greatly reduce the risk of bone cement leakage.