国内外碳排放研究综述

Review on carbon emissions researches at home and abroad

从碳排放的测算和分解方法、碳排放影响因素、分行业碳排放和碳减排对策等方面,对国内外相关文献进行梳理和分析。目前,国内外碳排放的测算和分解方法呈多样化发展,由于测算方法的不同、碳排放系数的标准不统一,使得碳排放测算结果不一致,影响了其实用价值。关于碳排放的影响因素,主要包括经济增长、人口因素、产业结构、能源结构和效率、国际贸易、外商直接投资等。在分行业的碳排放研究方面,早期的研究主要集中于工业行业,然后扩展到农业、交通运输业、建筑业、居民消费等领域。关于碳减排的对策,主要包括制定低碳发展的法律体系、积极发展清洁能源、大力开发低碳技术、为低碳发展提供资金和政策支持等方面。

With more and more concern from all countries in the world given to the environment problem of the cli- mate warming, the carbon emissions have become the focus of academic research. This article collects and analyzes the related literatures at home and abroad from four areas： calculation and decomposition method of carbon emis- sions, affecting factors of carbon emissions, research of carbon emissions of different sections and reduction mea- sures of carbon emission. At present, the calculation and decomposition methods of carbon emissions have been di- versified. Because the measuring methods are different and the standards of carbon emission coefficient are not uni- fied, the results of carbon emissions calculation are not consistent, which affects their practical values. The main in- fluence factors of carbon emissions include economic growth, population, industrial structure, energy structure and efficiency, international trade, foreign direct investment etc. About carbon emissions of different sections, the early researches mainly focus on industry, and then expand to agriculture, transportation, construction, consumption etc. The countermeasures to reduce carbon emission include setting up the legal system for low-carbon economic devel- opment, actively exploiting clean energy, energetically developing low carbon technology, providing funds and policy support for low carbon development etc. In the future, China＇s carbon emissions research should pay attention to the following points： （1） The relevant departments should strengthen energy statistics work, formulate scientific carbon emissions defined standards, establish a complete carbon emissions monitoring system; （2） To pay attention to the research on construction, transportation, commercial and individual consumption and so on; （3） To probe the char- acteristics of carbon emission and its causes in different areas, and build the regional carbon emissions trading mechanism and low-carbon technology cooperation and exchange mechanism; （4） To carry out the multi-disciplin- ary joint research, deeply probe influence factors of carbon emission, mechanism and evolution process and propose scientific and reasonable carbon emission reducing policy.