甘肃省县域城镇化地域差异及形成机理

Geographical features and formation mechanisms of county level urbanization in Gansu Province

以甘肃省各县域作为研究单元,首先利用ArcGIS软件中的自然断点分级法,对其县域差异演化过程进行分析。其次采用变异系数、威廉森系数、最大最小系数,分析甘肃省各地区县域城镇化地域差异特征。最后利用地理探测器模型对县域城镇化地域分异成因进行分析。研究表明:(1)甘肃省各地区县域城镇化仍存在一定的差距,东西差距明显,而中部地区除兰州、白银地区城镇化进程突出外,其他地区发展缓慢。(2)各地区内部县域城镇化差异特征不尽相同,陇中地区主要表现为空间集聚和基础设施建设差异较大;河西地区主要表现为经济增长和社会发展差异大,南部地区城镇化率普遍偏低,内部差异不大。(3)各地区城镇化进程差异实质机理并不相同,除陇东地区受到基础设施建设的影响最为突出外,其他地区都显示为受经济增长及社会发展影响最大。

The county in China has a relative independence and integrity, and its research can better reflect the patterns and features of regional urbanization development and process. According to the resource endowments, so- cio-economic development, population status in different areas of Gansu Province, China, and taking county as the basic unit, this paper deals with the imbalances in levels and speed of urbanization development among the different regions. Using the natural breakpoint grading method in the ArcGIS software, it can be found that the county urban- ization evolution of the various regions is different. The disparities connected with urbanization are huge between the western and the eastern of Gansu. The highlight regions of urbanization process in the central region belong to Lan- zhou and Baiyin City, while the urbanization development in its other region is inferior. The paper builds up a level of urbanization development indicators, including four aspects： spatial concentration of population, economic growth, social development, infrastructure construction, and analyzes Gansu province regional disparities of county urbaniza- tion by the coefficients of variation, Williamson coefficient, maximum and minimum coefficient. Overall, the urban- ization internal differences of the regions with high urbanization levels are larger, and urbanization internal differenc- es of the regions with low urbanization levels are smaller. The urbanization levels of the counties in the southern re- gion were significantly lower than that in the northern region. The core content and innovation of this paper is using geographic detector model to explore the real mechanisms of different regions＇ disparities in the urbanization devel- opment from the external representation of the urbanization levels index. The different regions are affected by the dif- ferent factors＇ contribution in the urbanization process. The social-economic development is the mainly effective factor to promote the urbanization of the Hexi region, improved living condition and accelerating urbanization pro- cess, but in recent years its growth rate slowing down; the central region gets relatively high score dew to the various elements, including population increase, economic and social development and infrastructure construction. The southern region is an ethnic living area, the impact of the various elements is smaller and the urbanization is slow. The Longnan region increases in the proportion of tertiary industry and urbanization process accelerates. The Long- dong region＇ s urbanization is greatly affected by the constructions of energy resource and chemical industry bases and highway. Based on the models of development in the different regions three proposals are put forward： the Hexi region should focus on urban agglomeration development to drive the surrounding county to accelerate the develop- ment, thus narrowing the regional internal difference. The southern region should increase government fiscal, finan- cial support capabilities to provide adequate and long-term stable funding premise for county urbanization in the ethnic minority areas. The Longdong area should adopt central city, while the development of the surrounding and small towns. a development model that is driven by the development of the county realizes the coordinated development of central cities