3Beebe - Dimmer JL, Pfeifer JR, Engle JS, et al. The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins [ J ]. Ann Epide- miol,2005,15 (3) : 175 - 184.
4ClaireD. Wolinsky and HeidiWaldorf Chronic Venous Disease [ J ]. Med Clin N Am,2009,93 ( 6 ) : 1333 - 1346.
5Katy AL, Darvall, RachelC, et al. Higher prevalence of thrombophil- ia in patients with varicose veins and venous ulcers than controls [J]. J Vase Surg,2009,49(5) :1235 - 1241.
6AYasim, MKilinc, MAral, et al. Serum concentration of procoagu- lant, endothelial and oxidative stress mar kers in early primary vari- cose veins [ J ]. Phlebology ,2008,23 ( 1 ) : 15 - 20.
7Bergan JJ. Chronic venous insufficiency and the therapeutic effects of Daflon 500 mg[J]. Angiology,2005,56( Suppl 1 ) :$21 -4.