乌克兰宪法变革下的政体困局:评估与展望

Regime Dilemma under Ukraine Constitution Changes: Assessment and Prospects

从1991年正式独立至今,伴随着宪法的不断变化,乌克兰政体也出现过多次反复。其根源一方面在于宪法未能体现总统、总理、议会和司法之间的权力制衡;另一方面在于乌克兰国内亲俄、亲欧力量的分裂,使得任何一部宪法都没有稳定的民意根基。分析乌克兰不同宪法框架下的不同政体存在的问题,尤其是2014年2月乌克兰重新恢复2004宪法框架下的总理总统制的理论及现实问题,有利于深入认识乌克兰国内冲突的制度因素,以及合理地展望乌克兰宪法和政体变革的趋势。

From its formal independence in 1991 till now, along with changes of the constitution, there have been reversals of Ukrainian regime. The reason lies in, on the one hand, the constitution could not reflect the balance of power among the President, the Prime Minister, the parliament and the legal system. On the other hand, the separation between pro-Russian forces and pro-European forces within Ukraine makes none of the constitutions have stable public foundation. It is conducive to understand further the institutional factors of Ukrainian domestic conflicts and to have reasonable judgment regarding the future trends of Ukrainian constitution and regime changes if we analyze issues under different regimes within different constitutional frameworks, especially those theoretical and practical ones when Ukraine resumed its premier-presidential system under the 2004 constitutional framework in February 2014.