现代汉语基本词汇的组合能力及其分布特征

On the Combination Capacity and the Distribution of the Basic Vocabulary of Modern Chinese

以374个单音词为样本词,通过对现代汉语基本词汇组合能力的量化分析,考察了基本词汇的能产性。研究显示,基本词汇样本词中93%的词具有组合能力,各词类的组合能力分布不平衡,排序依次为:名词>数词>形容词>动词>副词>介词>代词,功能词中的连词、助词、叹词和语气助词没有组合能力。此外,样本词中每个词及其义位的组合能力也都有很大差异。"能产性"对基本词汇的部分成员而言是典型特征,对部分成员而言是非典型特征。

Based on 374 sample words, the productivity of basic vocabulary of Modem Chinese is investigated by a quantitative analysis of their combination capacity. It is suggested that 93% of the sample words possess combination capacity, which varies with the word＇s parts of speech. In a descending order, they are ranged as noun, numeral, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, and pronoun. It is also found that function words, like conjunction, particle, interjection and modal particle, have no combination capacity. In addition, the combination capacity and sememe of each sample word are of great differences. The productivity is a typical feature to part of the basic vocabulary, but not to the other.