当代小说视域中的农民身份问题研究

The Research of the farmer's Identity in the Contemporary Novels

自新中国成立后,农民身份的内涵在小说中的变化,充分展现了国家意志、现代化建设与农民之间的深层关联。在社会主义建设初期,小说对农民的阶级属性、集体身份进行了革命化叙述,强调了农民在国家建设中的主体地位,而忽视了农民自身的个体愿望;20世纪80年代后,农民在小说中的身份内涵发生了变化,国家的主体位置逐渐弱化,自身的价值诉求得到肯定与确认,但是农民身份的隐喻含义也得以细微展现;随着城乡社会流动的加速和经济社会结构的剧变,农民及其衍生出的农民工群体面临着严重的身份焦虑,这一点在农民工题材小说中充分展现出来。对于农民而言,不管是进城还是返乡,亦或是留守乡村,"我是谁"的身份困惑都将缠绕着他们,并呈现出进一步模糊化的趋向。

Since the founding of new China, the change of the farmer＇s identity in novels shows the deep association between the national will, modernization and farmer. At the opening stage of the new Chinese socialist modernization construction, the novels to the farmers ＂class attribute and the collective identities have revolutionary narration, with emphasis on the farmers＂ main position in the country, while ignoring the farmers＂ own individual desires. In the 1980＂s, with the adjustment of national policy, the farmers＂ identity connotations in the novels have changed. The importance of national identity is decreased while farmers＇ values are affirmed and recognized. But the metaphorical meaning of the farmers＂ identity is shown subtly. With the urban and rural social mobility and acceleration of economic and social structure changes, the farmers and the migrant workers groups are facing the serious identity anxiety. Novels about the migrant workers fully demonstrate it. To farmers, whether they are in the town or home, or left the country, the puzzle of ＂who am I ＂ will always puzzle them, and this situation shows further ambiguity.