西藏地热水中典型有害元素对河流水质的影响

Impacts of typical harmful elements in geothermal water on river water quality in Tibet

西藏是我国地热水分布最多的地区。为查明地热水中有害元素对河流的影响区域及程度,对西藏典型地热田及河流开展了野外调查取样。通过对地热水和河流中各种水化学参数的综合分析以及河流中有害元素的相关柱状图分析,得知地热水中大量的氟、砷有害元素对河流水质影响较大。羊八井一带高温地热水中氟浓度较高,而喜马拉雅地热带较其他地区的地热水含砷量较高。另外,西藏居民以河水为饮用水水源,因很多河流经过地热区后有害元素浓度显著增高,对下游居民及动植物的危害不容忽视,指出应深入研究地方病(如秃顶、氟斑牙、癌症等)与水环境污染之间的关系。

Tibet is the area with the widest distribution of geothermal water in China .In order to study the impacts of harmful elements in geothermal water on rivers , some typical geothermal water and river water samples were collected outdoors .Analysis of hydro-chemical parameters in geothermal water and rivers and related histograms of the harmful elements in rivers shows that fluorine and arsenic in geothermal water have a significant impact on the water quality of the rivers , and can change those of rivers greatly.Geothermal water in the Yangbajing area displays a high concentration of fluorine , while that in the Himalayan geothermal belt displays a high concentration of arsenic .In addition, rivers are the sources of drinking water for residents of Tibet .The concentrations of harmful elements in rivers will increase significantly when the rivers flow through geothermal areas .They are very harmful to the residents, plants, and animals in the lower reaches .Future study should be focused on the relationships between endemic diseases , such as baldness, dental fluorosis , and cancer, and water environmental pollution .