基于生态环境影响的污水海洋离岸排放口选址研究

Research on offshore discharge position selection of sewage marine disposal based on ecological environment impact

在综合大量已有研究成果及经验的基础上,对排海工程排污口选划的原则与方法进行分析,着重介绍了基于二维污染物扩散模型的水环境影响析法、生物损害分析法以及基于加权评分的工程技术经济分析法,并以曹妃甸某排海工程为例对排污口进行选划研究。结果表明:将综合考虑多种影响因素的选划方法应用于排污口的选划研究是可行的,且有利于排污口的环保、经济排放;同一工况条件下,对海洋生态环境影响起主要作用的因素为纳污海域的水动力情况以及生物资源分布情况。在排污口的选划过程中,应充分考虑各种影响因素,在经济条件允许的情况下,应尽可能地将排污口布置于水深较大、扩散条件较好、海洋生物稀疏、远离环境保护目标的地方。

Based on a large number of research results and engineering experiences, the selection methods and principle of discharge position of sewage marine disposal were analyzed. The quantitative analysis method of organ- ism damage and the analysis method of water environment impact bsed on two-dimensional contamination disper- sion model were mainly introduced, and the engineering technology economic optimal selection method based on weighted average method was also analyzed. With the example of sewage marine disposal in Caofeidian, the dis- charge position was determined by using the selection method. The results show that： the method considering vari- ous influence factors is feasible, and may be beneficial to pollutant environmental and economic discharge. Under the same condition, the hydrodynamic condition and the resource distribution state play a decisive role on marine ecological environment influence of discharge position. In application, the selection of discharge position should take multiple influential factors into consideration and layout out in place where water depth is large, diffusion conditions are better, marine organisms are scarce and far away from the target of environmental protection as much as possible under economic conditions available.