从董仲舒天人观看“阴阳五行”思想对中国古代天学与政治互动之影响

The Influence of“Yin-Yang and Five Elements”on the Interaction between the Science of Heavens and Politics in Ancient China:From Dong Zhongshu′s Heaven-Human Perspective

董仲舒是西汉时期的思想家,他的学说融合了战国末期的各家学说,以儒家的天命观及其社会政治伦理思想为主线,并揉和吸收了墨家宗教神学、阴阳家自然哲学、道家人法天道等学说,最终构成了一个博大而精微的理论体系。他提出了独特的天人感应理论,并以其解释异常天象、自然灾害及其他自然现象,同时他还主张统治者应"奉天"而"法古",又以"三统说"的历史循环论来解释朝代更替时的改历现象。董仲舒的天人感应理论,成功地将阴阳五行引入到天与人的沟通和感应中,成为连接天象与人事的桥梁,将天道自然与人事政治紧密连接在一起,从侧面推动和影响了天学与政治的互动发展,使天学与政治的互动成为中国古代天学在历史发展长卷中的主线索。

Dong Zhongshu is a thinker in the West-Han period, whose idea is an integration of many schools of the Warrior States pe-riod, with the Confucius fatalism and social-political ethics as the main line, combining the Maoist theology, the Yin-Yang natural philosophy, the Taoist law of heaven-human interaction, etc. into a broad and profound theoretical system. The unique interaction of human and nature he proposed explains strange celestial phenomena, natural disasters. Meanwhile, he also maintained the rulers should “abide by the heaven”and “learn from the past”, and explaining historical changes with “Santongshuo”. He introduced Yin-Yang Five Elements into his ideas, bridging human and nature and promoting the interaction of the science of heavens and politics, which becomes the main line in the historical development of the science of heavens in ancient China.