哺乳动物细胞线粒体基因组的转录及调控机制研究进展

Research Advances in Transcription and Regulation Mechanism of Mammalian Mitochondrial Genome

目的:系统的归纳和总结近年来哺乳动物线粒体基因组转录及调控机制研究的进展,以期为哺乳动物和人类线粒体疾病及相关医学领域的研究提供参考依据。方法:从哺乳动物线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的结构和转录过程,转录基本元件和转录机制等方面,检索和整理近年来关于哺乳动物细胞线粒体基因组的转录及调控机制的文献并进行总结。结果:线粒体是哺乳动物细胞中普遍存在的具有独立基因组的半自主性细胞器,其主要功能是通过氧化磷酸化为细胞提供ATP,同时对于物质代谢、细胞周期调控、细胞分化和凋亡、细胞信号传递等生理过程发挥着重要作用。近年来对线粒体基因组的转录及其调控机制的研究已取得了一些突破和成果。结论:哺乳动物线粒体基因组的转录与调控机制的研究不仅有助于深入阐明和理解线粒体基因组的表达调控机制,而且也助于揭示临床线粒体病的发病机制。

Objective： To summarize systematically recent research advances in transcription and regulation mechanism ofmammalian mitochondrial genome in order to provide reference for research on mammalian and human mitochondrial diseases andother related fields. Methods： Information retrieval and a summary of literature and research advances in mtDNA transcription andregulation mechanism were made from aspects of genome structure, transcription process, transcriptional elements and mechanism.Results： Mitochondria were semiautomous organelles which had independent genome found in mammalian cells. Their major functionwas providing ATP for cells by oxidative phosphorylation and they also played an important role in physiological processes such asmetabolism, the regulation of cell cycle, cell differentiation and apoptosis, and cell signaling. In recent years, the research ontranscription and regulation mechanism of mitochondrial genome has made a breakthrough and progress. Conclusion： Research ontranscription and regulation mechanism of mitochondrial genome is helpful not only in expounding and understanding its mechanismunderlying the expression regulation but also in revealing pathogenesis of clinic mitochondrial diseases.