支气管哮喘药物的治疗现状

Current Status of Medical Therapy for Bronchial Asthma

支气管哮喘是一种呼吸道慢性炎症性疾病,近年来药物治疗取得了较大进展。吸入糖皮质激素是治疗支气管哮喘的基础性用药。β2受体激动剂是缓解支气管哮喘症状的主要药物,长效制剂与激素联合应用的效果已被充分证实,但其长期安全性越来越多地引起人们的关注。抗胆碱药对激素治疗效果不佳者发挥了重要的辅助作用。白三烯受体拮抗剂可单独应用于轻度支气管哮喘或联合其他药物用于中重度支气管哮喘的治疗,对特殊类型的支气管哮喘也有较好的疗效。抗IgE单克隆抗体作为一种新疗法也受到了关注。该文就支气管哮喘各类药物治疗的优缺点进行总结。

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways. In recent years, great progres- ses have been made in the medical therapy for asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids are the basic medication for asthma management. Beta-2 agonists are the major agents for relieving the symptoms of asthma. The effect of long-acting beta-2 agonists and inhaled cortieosteroids combination products is widely proved, but its long- term safety concerns more and more researchers. Anticholinergics is used as an add-on therapy in patients whose asthma is not well controlled with steroid. Leukotriene receptor antagonists can be used alone in mild asthma, or in combination with other drugs in patients with moderate to severe asthma, and it is also effective for some special subsets of asthma. As a new therapy, recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody also received more and more attention. Here reviews the advantages and disadvantages of medications for asthma.