清末川边改土归流初探

The Reaserch about Gaituguiliu of the Late Qing Dynasty

土司制度是中国古代中央政府对边疆少数民族采取的一种特有的统治方式。它是在统一的国家内,由于边疆地区特殊的政治经济文化,而对其采用的一种符合本民族地区实际的管理模式。自古以来,每一个王朝在草创时期,对整个边疆少数民族地区基本上以"羁縻政策"为主。待到大局已定、国力殷实之后,便从稳定边疆局势的实际出发,设法推行边疆与内地一致的政治体制。清末川边改土归流,就是清朝中央政府为了加强对四川边地的统治力度所采取的一种政治体制改革,它是国家在内忧外患的困境之中所采取的非常手段,带有历史的偶然性和必然性。

Tusi Policy is a unique way for the ancient Chinese central government to rule the minority in the border areas. It is in the reunified country,due to the special politic,economy and culture of the border areas,it's an efficient and practical mode of management for the local nationalities. Since the ancient times,at the very beginning of every dynasty, ' Jimi' Policy was used basically in the entire border minority areas. When the national power was strong and everything went well,the government would try to make the border areas system the same with the mainland political system. The Gaituguili in Sichuan border area in the late Qing dynasty refers to the political system reform that the Qing central government took to strengthen the dominant dynamics. It is the extreme measures that the country took in internal disorder and foreign invasion difficult situation,and it has its opportunity and necessity in history.