蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇的合成及在聚氨酯泡沫中的应用

Synthesis of Castor Oil-based Flame Retardant Polyols and Its Applicaition in Polyurethane Foams

以蓖麻油为原料,经过甘油醇解反应、双氧水环氧化反应、磷酸二乙酯与环氧基团开环反应生成蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇,然后与多聚异氰酸酯(MDI)形成聚氨酯泡沫。蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇的结构采用FT-IR、1H NMR进行表征,聚氨酯泡沫的力学性能和阻燃性能采用万能试验机、极限氧指数仪和热重分析仪进行测量。结果表明:通过一系列的反应生成了蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇,在不采用任何阻燃剂的情况下,虽然蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇的P元素仅有1%,但是聚氨酯泡沫的氧指数与醇解蓖麻油制备的聚氨酯泡沫相比从20.1%提高到23.8%,说明蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇制备的聚氨酯泡沫具有很好的阻燃性能;制备的蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇的羟值与醇解蓖麻油相比,由408 mg/g提高到了420 mg/g;随着蓖麻油基阻燃多元醇含量的提高,聚氨酯泡沫的压缩强度从0.118提高到0.128 MPa,热稳定性也有所增强。

In this paper, castor oil-based flame retardant polyols were synthesized using castor oil as raw material pretreated through glycerol alcoholysis, hydrogen peroxide epoxidation and ring-opening reaction between diethyl phosphate and epoxy group. The castor oil-based flame retardant polyols were than reacted with MDI to produce polyurethane foam （PUF）. The structure of castor oil-based flame retardant polyols was characterized by FF-IR and IH NMR. The mechanical behavior and flame resistance of PUF was studied by universal testing machine and limiting oxygen index （LOI） and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results showed that the castor oil-based flame retardant polyols were prepared by a series of reactions and the hydroxyl value was increased to 420 mg/g. The value of PUF＇s LOI could reach about 23.8 % from 20.1% compared with PUF prepared by alcoholisis castor oil, although the content of phosphorus in PUF is merely 1% and without any fire retardant. The compressive strength of polyurethane foam is increased from 0.118 MPa to 0. 128 MPa and thermal stability of polyurethane foam increase with castor oil-based flame retardant polyols content increasing.