知识产权侵权诉讼中的过错责任推定与赔偿数额认定--以举证责任规则为视角

Presumption of Fault Liability and Determination of Quantum of Compensation in Intellectual Property Litigation

举证责任规则及其适用,在知识产权侵权诉讼中具有重要意义。从过错推定责任的归责方法到赔偿数额确定的证据规则,举证责任表现了民事实体法与民事诉讼法上的双重功能。本文试以举证责任分配的一般规则、特殊规则和补充规则为视角,探讨知识产权侵权损害赔偿的责任要件、数额标准等。

The rules of burden of proof about presumption of fault liability and determination of damages in intellectual property infringement litigation, which have both substantive and procedural effect, are consisted of general rule of ＂the one who claims bears the burden of proof＂, special rule of ＂shift of burden of proof＂ and supplementary rule based on equity and good faith. In light of fault liability, general rule exists in most intellectual property cases, according to which the party bringing the claims bears the burden of proof. In litigation involving patent on invention of methods, trade secret and software, where ＂presumption of fault liability＂ is applied, burden of proof shifts and defendant is liable unless he or she demonstrates otherwise. With regard to damages, tests for calculating damages and methods of proving damages are two main issues. Plaintiff may choose among actual damages, unlawful income of infringer, and reasonable royalties which are all provided in the law; and for proving damages, plaintiff usually carries the burden to prove the actual damages, and legal presumption of the amount of damages should be applied by plaintiff＇s request when defendant constitutes ＂obstruction of evidence＂.